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Katherine "Kay" Fanning (October 18, 1927 – October 19, 2000) was an American journalist and newspaper editor and publisher. She was editor and publisher of the ''Anchorage Daily News''. In 1983, she became editor of the ''Christian Science Monitor'' in Boston, Massachusetts, where she became the first woman to edit an American national newspaper.〔(Biographical sketch of Kay Fanning ) Alaska Women's Hall of Fame. Retrieved August 9, 2013〕 She was the president of the American Society of News Editors from April 1987–April 1988. ==Life== Born Katherine Woodruff, she was born the only child to a "small-town banker" in Illinois. Sent to private school,〔("Anchorage Daily News on the death of Kay Fanning" ) ''Peninsula Clarion'' (October 21, 2000). Retrieved August 9, 2013〕 she later graduated from Smith College.〔Kay Fanning with Katherine Field Stephen, (Kay Fanning's Alaska Story: Memoir of a Pulitzer Prize-winning Newspaper Publisher on America's Northern Frontier ) Epicenter Press (2006), pp. 9-12. Retrieved August 9, 2013〕 After college, she returned to Illinois and soon met Marshall Field IV, heir to a large publishing business.〔 They were married in 1950 and had three children together. In 1963, Fanning, then Kay Field, decided to obtain a divorce from her husband (who died shortly afterwards) and after a difficult two years, she quit drinking, taking sleeping pills and tranquilizers, and resumed her study of Christian Science, which she had first come to know as a child. Embarking on a "new path", she soon "felt guided by intuition" to move to Alaska and in 1965, she and her three children moved to Anchorage.〔Kay Fanning (2006), (pp. 17-21. ) Retrieved August 9, 2013〕 She soon got a job—part-time at $2 an hour—at the ''Anchorage Daily News'', her first job, but in a field she felt close to, having been married to a newspaper publisher for 13 years, and having had some experience at her college newspaper. Her early experience writing at the paper gave her a wide variety of assignments and topics, from dog sled races to tragedy to controversies, such as birth control. As a single mother, finding time to write was difficult and Fanning settled on writing from 3:00 to 7:00 in the morning.〔Kay Fanning (2006), (pp. 24-26. ) Retrieved August 9, 2013〕 In spring 1966, newspaper editor Larry Fanning came to visit. Formerly managing editor at the ''San Francisco Chronicle'' and later, editor at the ''Chicago Daily News'', where he worked for Field's ex-husband. The two quickly married. Larry Fanning came to investigate the possibility of purchasing the ''Anchorage Daily News'', the owners of which were nearing retirement. Both Kay Fields and Fanning grew interested in the idea, and though the financial prospects did not look good, they were not dissuaded,〔Kay Fanning (2006), (pp. 27-29. ) Retrieved August 9, 2013〕 seeing the public service possibilities of the newspaper, wanting to provide an alternative voice and feeling that it would become a family venture involving her children, as well. After some difficult negotiations, they were able to buy the newspaper in September 1967.〔Kay Fanning (2006), (pp. 50 and 57. ) Retrieved August 9, 2013〕 Under the Fannings, the newspaper continued to have financial problems, but they hired a number of young journalists and directed the focus of the newspaper toward more investigative journalism.〔 In 1971, Kay Fanning became a widow for a second time when Larry died at only 57. She promptly took over management and editing of the paper. In 1976, the newspaper won a Pulitzer Prize for a report on the Alaska Teamsters Union. In spite of the new prestige, the newspaper's financial problems continued and she sold it to McClatchy Newspapers in January 1979. She remained as publisher, however,〔 and circulation did increase, reaching 50,000 in 1982.〔Kay Fanning (2006), (pp. 172-173. ) Retrieved August 9, 2013〕 Fanning stayed at the ''Anchorage Daily News'' until 1983, when she moved to Boston to work at the ''Christian Science Monitor'' and became the first woman to edit an American national newspaper.〔 In November 1988, Fanning and both the managing editor and the assistant managing editor all resigned from the ''Monitor'' in protest of plans to trim the newspaper from 28 pages to 16 and to cut the staff by up to 80 jobs. According to Fanning and the other two editors, the cuts were part of a plan to divert funds from the newspaper to the church's television venture,〔Paul Richter, ("Christian Science Monitor Editor Quits Abruptly : Fanning, 2 Other Executives Protest Plans to Reduce Size of Staff and Paper" ) ''Los Angeles Times'' (November 15, 1988). Retrieved August 9, 2013〕 then in its second year and costing the church millions of dollars. Fanning also criticized restructuring that she said would give the business manager direct control of the Monitor's editorial content and with the cuts in funds and page count would mean "the serious weakening of (Monitor's ) editorial substance". The resignations were announced at a staff meeting, where it was reported Fanning's remarks drew applause.〔 All Christian Scientists, the editors' resignations were not solely based on journalistic standards, they were also protests against what they saw as violations of religious principle and the ideals of Mary Baker Eddy, founder of both the ''Monitor'' and the Christian Science church.〔Allan R. Gold, ("Editors of Monitor Resign Over Cuts" ) ''The New York Times'' (November 15, 1988). Retrieved August 9, 2013〕 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Kay Fanning」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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